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What is the working principle of a lithium battery?
Publish Time:
2025-04-30 11:51
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A lithium-ion battery is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Its operating principle is mainly based on the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes, as follows:
Charging Process
- When a lithium-ion battery is connected to an external power source for charging, under the action of an electric field, lithium ions are deintercalated from the positive electrode material and move towards the negative electrode through the electrolyte.
- At the same time, electrons flow from the external circuit to the negative electrode to ensure charge balance. On the surface of the negative electrode, lithium ions receive electrons and are intercalated into the crystal lattice of the negative electrode material. For example, in common graphite negative electrodes, lithium ions are intercalated into the layered structure of graphite.
Discharging Process
- When the lithium-ion battery is in a discharging state, the lithium ions in the negative electrode are deintercalated from the crystal lattice, lose electrons to become lithium ions, enter the electrolyte, and then move to the positive electrode through the electrolyte.
- Electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through the external circuit, forming a current to provide electrical energy to external devices. On the surface of the positive electrode, lithium ions combine with electrons flowing from the external circuit and are re-intercalated into the positive electrode material.
During the entire charge and discharge process, lithium ions shuttle back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes, while the chemical reactions inside the battery ensure the transfer of lithium ions and electrons, thus realizing the mutual conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy. Different positive electrode materials (such as lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary materials, etc.) and negative electrode materials (such as graphite, silicon-based materials, etc.) will affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries, such as energy density, charge and discharge rate, cycle life, and safety.
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What is the working principle of a lithium battery?
A lithium-ion battery is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Its working principle is mainly based on the intercalation and deintercalation process of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
A mobile phone battery is an energy storage device that provides power to the mobile phone.
Battery capacity is usually measured in milliampere-hours (mAh). The larger the battery capacity, the longer the phone can be used on a single charge. For example, a phone with a 4000mAh battery will theoretically last longer than a phone with a 3000mAh battery under the same usage conditions. However, actual battery life is also affected by many factors, such as the phone's processor performance, screen resolution, and application usage.
Can Apple devices only use original batteries?
Apple device batteries are not limited to original ones, but using original batteries has many advantages.
The device and battery are incompatible and may cause a variety of damage to the device, including: hardware damage, performance degradation, software malfunctions, and data loss risks.
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